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漢語(yǔ)句子成分篇一

主語(yǔ)：1、定義：陳述或說(shuō)明的對(duì)象的語(yǔ)言單位。2、特點(diǎn)：a、經(jīng)常由名詞、代詞、名詞性短語(yǔ)充當(dāng)。b、一般表示謂語(yǔ)所說(shuō)的是“誰(shuí)”或“什么”。3、符號(hào)：雙行線。

謂語(yǔ)：1、定義：說(shuō)明陳述或說(shuō)明的對(duì)象的語(yǔ)言單位。2、特點(diǎn)：a、經(jīng)常由動(dòng)詞、形容詞充當(dāng)。b、一般表示主語(yǔ)“怎么樣”或“是什么”。3、符號(hào)：?jiǎn)涡芯€。

賓語(yǔ)：1、定義：表示謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的涉及對(duì)象的語(yǔ)言單位。2、特點(diǎn)：a、經(jīng)常由名詞、代詞、名詞性短語(yǔ)充當(dāng)。b、一般表示謂語(yǔ)“怎么樣”或“是什么”。3、符號(hào)：波浪線4、凡能原動(dòng)詞，如“希望、想、可以、說(shuō)”等詞后面的一般都作賓語(yǔ)處理。

定語(yǔ)：1、定義；用在主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)前面，起修飾和限制作用的語(yǔ)言單位。2、特點(diǎn)：a、經(jīng)常由名詞、形容詞、動(dòng)詞、代詞充當(dāng)。b、一般定語(yǔ)與中心詞之間有“的”字連接。3、符號(hào)：小括號(hào)。

狀語(yǔ)：1、定義：用在動(dòng)詞、形容詞謂語(yǔ)前，起修飾和限制作用的語(yǔ)言單位。2、特點(diǎn)：a、經(jīng)常由副詞、形容詞、動(dòng)詞、表示處所和時(shí)間的名詞和方位詞充當(dāng)。b、一般狀語(yǔ)與中心詞之間有“地”字連接。3、符號(hào)：中括號(hào)〔〕。

補(bǔ)語(yǔ)：1、定義：謂語(yǔ)后面的附加成分，對(duì)謂語(yǔ)起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用，回答“怎么樣”、“多久”、“多少”（時(shí)間、處所、結(jié)果）之類(lèi)問(wèn)題的語(yǔ)言單位。2、特點(diǎn)：a、經(jīng)常由動(dòng)詞、形容詞副詞充當(dāng)。b、一般補(bǔ)語(yǔ)與中心詞之間有“得”字連接。3、符號(hào)：?jiǎn)螘?shū)名號(hào)〈〉。

一般完整的句子成分的排列為：

定語(yǔ)（修飾主語(yǔ)）主語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)（修飾賓語(yǔ)）賓語(yǔ)

句子成分符號(hào)：主語(yǔ)=謂語(yǔ)－賓語(yǔ)～定語(yǔ)（）狀語(yǔ)[]補(bǔ)語(yǔ)

繞口令

主謂賓定狀補(bǔ)

主干枝葉分清楚

主干成分主謂賓

枝葉成分定狀補(bǔ)

定語(yǔ)必居主賓前

謂前為狀謂后補(bǔ)

學(xué)語(yǔ)文，有口訣

主謂賓、定狀補(bǔ)，主干枝葉分清楚。

定語(yǔ)必居主賓前，謂前為狀謂后補(bǔ)。

狀語(yǔ)有時(shí)位主前，逗號(hào)分開(kāi)心有數(shù)。

基本成分主謂賓，連帶成分定狀補(bǔ)。定語(yǔ)必居主賓前，謂前為狀謂后補(bǔ)。

六者關(guān)系難分辨，心中有數(shù)析正誤。什么誰(shuí)稱(chēng)主，做是怎樣才充謂；

賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)支配，回答謂語(yǔ)什么誰(shuí)。前置狀語(yǔ)目（的）時(shí)（間）地（點(diǎn)），

意義不變能復(fù)位。補(bǔ)語(yǔ)從后說(shuō)前謂，定語(yǔ)才和后賓配。介賓短語(yǔ)多狀補(bǔ)，

不能充當(dāng)賓主謂。的定地狀與得補(bǔ)，語(yǔ)言標(biāo)志定是非。

名詞：

人和事物各有名，萬(wàn)千名目可辨清。表示名稱(chēng)即名詞，具體抽象有不同。

時(shí)間空間和地點(diǎn)，方向位置有專(zhuān)稱(chēng)。主賓定謂都可作，名詞具有多功能。

動(dòng)詞：

世間萬(wàn)物皆運(yùn)動(dòng)，于是動(dòng)詞相應(yīng)生。行為動(dòng)作和發(fā)展，存在消失與變更。

心理活動(dòng)及判斷，一概可作謂語(yǔ)用。能愿趨向兩動(dòng)詞，配合謂語(yǔ)意更明。

形容詞：

人有特征物有形，修飾動(dòng)名靠形容。事態(tài)動(dòng)作有性狀，描摹性狀用形容。

形容詞語(yǔ)極豐富，準(zhǔn)確修飾需深功。形容詞語(yǔ)功能多，主要充當(dāng)狀謂定。

數(shù)詞：

數(shù)詞即為表數(shù)目，確數(shù)概數(shù)和序數(shù)。確數(shù)包括整分倍，不定數(shù)目是概數(shù)。

整數(shù)前加老第初，排列順序是序數(shù)。分?jǐn)?shù)倍數(shù)表增加，減少只能用分?jǐn)?shù)。

量詞：

表示單位量詞全，單位各異按習(xí)慣。事物行動(dòng)作統(tǒng)計(jì)，物量動(dòng)量分兩款。

量詞數(shù)詞相結(jié)合，數(shù)量短語(yǔ)功能全。動(dòng)量短語(yǔ)居動(dòng)后，物量短語(yǔ)在名前。

代詞：

代詞代替人事物，按照作用分三族。人稱(chēng)代詞我你他，咱們自己和大家。

疑問(wèn)代詞誰(shuí)什么，進(jìn)地性狀數(shù)如何。提示代詞這和那，每名某另別其它。

副詞：

副詞修飾動(dòng)與形，范圍程度與時(shí)間?？戏窆烙?jì)與情態(tài)，語(yǔ)氣頻率用法全。

稍微沒(méi)有全都偏，簡(jiǎn)直僅僅只永遠(yuǎn)，已經(jīng)曾經(jīng)就竟然，將要立刻剛偶然，

漸漸終于決忽然，難道連續(xù)又再三，也許必須很非常，最太十分更馬上，

越極總挺常常再，屢次一定也不還。時(shí)名副名看加在，名前可加副不來(lái)。

前很后名都不行，單獨(dú)回答更不能。

介詞：

自從以當(dāng)為按照，由于對(duì)于為了到；和跟把比在關(guān)于，除了同對(duì)向往朝；

用在名詞代詞前，修飾動(dòng)形要記牢。

助詞：

結(jié)構(gòu)助詞的地得，時(shí)態(tài)助詞著了過(guò)，語(yǔ)氣助詞啊吧呢，他詞后邊附加義。

連詞：

成分連詞難分辨，換位不變才是連。

英語(yǔ)句子成分：

句子的組成部分,包括主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)七種

主語(yǔ)是句子敘述的主體，可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞化的形容詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞和主語(yǔ)從句等來(lái)承擔(dān)。

謂語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)所發(fā)出的動(dòng)作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。謂語(yǔ)由動(dòng)詞來(lái)承擔(dān)。

賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承受者，常位于及物動(dòng)詞或介詞后面。賓語(yǔ)可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞化的形容詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、賓語(yǔ)從句等來(lái)?yè)?dān)任。

主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)是英語(yǔ)句子的兩大成分，除少數(shù)句子（如祈使句和感嘆句等）外，一句話必須同時(shí)具有主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)所表達(dá)的意思才能完整。主語(yǔ)是針對(duì)謂語(yǔ)而言的，是一句話的主題，謂語(yǔ)用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的情況，為主語(yǔ)提供信息。例如：theyareworking.主語(yǔ)是they(他們)，那麼他們?cè)谧鍪颤N呢？看來(lái)沒(méi)有謂語(yǔ)areworking是不行的。在正常情況下，英語(yǔ)的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的位置與漢語(yǔ)一致，也就是說(shuō)主語(yǔ)在前，謂語(yǔ)緊跟其后。那麼，哪些詞語(yǔ)可以做主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)，何時(shí)主謂倒置，主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)的一致情況如何，我將一一講述。

漢語(yǔ)句子成分篇二

漢語(yǔ)句子成分介紹

句子的組成部分，包括主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)、六種

主語(yǔ)：

1、定義：主語(yǔ)：主語(yǔ)是句子中的陳述對(duì)象，說(shuō)明是誰(shuí)或什么。

2、特點(diǎn)：a、經(jīng)常由名詞、代詞、名詞性短語(yǔ)充當(dāng)。b、一般表示謂語(yǔ)所說(shuō)的是“誰(shuí)”或“什么”。3、符號(hào)：雙行線。

謂語(yǔ)：

1、定義：用來(lái)說(shuō)明陳述主語(yǔ)。

2、特點(diǎn)：a、經(jīng)常由動(dòng)詞、形容詞充當(dāng)。 b、一般表示主語(yǔ)“怎么樣”或“是什么”。3、符號(hào)：?jiǎn)涡芯€。

賓語(yǔ)：

1、定義：表示謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的涉及對(duì)象的語(yǔ)言單位。

2、特點(diǎn)：a、經(jīng)常由名詞、代詞、名詞性短語(yǔ)充當(dāng)。b、一般表示謂語(yǔ)“怎么樣”或“是什么”。3、符號(hào)：波浪線4、凡能愿動(dòng)詞，如“希望、想、可以、說(shuō)”等詞后面的一般都作賓語(yǔ)處理。

定語(yǔ)：

1、定義；用在主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)前面，起修飾和限制作用的語(yǔ)言單位。

2、特點(diǎn)：a、經(jīng)常由名詞、形容詞、動(dòng)詞、代詞充當(dāng)。b、一般定語(yǔ)與中心詞之間有“的”字連接。

3、符號(hào)：小括號(hào)（ ）。

狀語(yǔ)：

1、定義：用在動(dòng)詞、形容詞謂語(yǔ)前，起修飾和限制作用的語(yǔ)言單位。

2、特點(diǎn)：a、經(jīng)常由副詞、形容詞、動(dòng)詞、表示處所和時(shí)間的名詞和方位詞充當(dāng)。b、一般狀語(yǔ)與中心詞之間有“地”字連接。

3、符號(hào)：中括號(hào)〔 〕。

補(bǔ)語(yǔ)：

1、定義：謂語(yǔ)后面的附加成分，對(duì)謂語(yǔ)起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用，回答“怎么樣”、“多久”、“多少”（時(shí)間、處所、結(jié)果）之類(lèi)問(wèn)題的語(yǔ)言單位。

2、特點(diǎn)：a、經(jīng)常由動(dòng)詞、形容詞副詞充當(dāng)。b、一般補(bǔ)語(yǔ)與中心詞之間有“得”字連接。

3、符號(hào)：?jiǎn)螘?shū)名號(hào)〈 〉。

一般完整的句子成分的排列為：

定語(yǔ)（修飾主語(yǔ)）主語(yǔ) 狀語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ) 補(bǔ)語(yǔ) 定語(yǔ)（修飾賓語(yǔ)）賓語(yǔ)

句子成分符號(hào)：主語(yǔ) = 謂語(yǔ) － 賓語(yǔ) ～ 定語(yǔ) （ ） 狀語(yǔ) 補(bǔ)語(yǔ) < >

繞口令

主謂賓，定狀補(bǔ)

主干枝葉分清楚

主干成分主謂賓

枝葉成分定狀補(bǔ)

定語(yǔ)必居主賓前

謂前為狀謂后補(bǔ)

學(xué)語(yǔ)文，有口訣

主謂賓、定狀補(bǔ)，主干枝葉分清楚。

定語(yǔ)必居主賓前，謂前為狀謂后補(bǔ)。

狀語(yǔ)有時(shí)位主前，逗號(hào)分開(kāi)心有數(shù)。

基本成分主謂賓，連帶成分定狀補(bǔ)。定語(yǔ)必居主賓前，謂前為狀謂后補(bǔ)。

六者關(guān)系難分辨，心中有數(shù)析正誤。什么誰(shuí)稱(chēng)主，做是怎樣才充謂；

賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)支配，回答謂語(yǔ)什么誰(shuí)。前置狀語(yǔ)目（的）時(shí)（間）地（點(diǎn)），

意義不變能復(fù)位。補(bǔ)語(yǔ)從后說(shuō)前謂，定語(yǔ)才和后賓配。介賓短語(yǔ)多狀補(bǔ)，

不能充當(dāng)賓主謂。的定地狀與得補(bǔ)，語(yǔ)言標(biāo)志定是非。

名詞：

人和事物各有名，萬(wàn)千名目可辨清。表示名稱(chēng)即名詞，具體抽象有不同。

時(shí)間空間和地點(diǎn)，方向位置有專(zhuān)稱(chēng)。主賓定謂都可作，名詞具有多功能。

動(dòng)詞：

世間萬(wàn)物皆運(yùn)動(dòng)，于是動(dòng)詞相應(yīng)生。行為動(dòng)作和發(fā)展，存在消失與變更。

心理活動(dòng)及判斷，一概可作謂語(yǔ)用。能愿趨向兩動(dòng)詞，配合謂語(yǔ)意更明。

形容詞：

人有特征物有形，修飾動(dòng)名靠形容。事態(tài)動(dòng)作有性狀，描摹性狀用形容。

形容詞語(yǔ)極豐富，準(zhǔn)確修飾需深功。形容詞語(yǔ)功能多，主要充當(dāng)狀謂定。

數(shù)詞：

數(shù)詞即為表數(shù)目，確數(shù)概數(shù)和序數(shù)。確數(shù)包括整分倍，不定數(shù)目是概數(shù)。

整數(shù)前加老第初，排列順序是序數(shù)。分?jǐn)?shù)倍數(shù)表增加，減少只能用分?jǐn)?shù)。

量詞：

表示單位量詞全，單位各異按習(xí)慣。事物行動(dòng)作統(tǒng)計(jì)，物量動(dòng)量分兩款。

量詞數(shù)詞相結(jié)合，數(shù)量短語(yǔ)功能全。動(dòng)量短語(yǔ)居動(dòng)后，物量短語(yǔ)在名前。

代詞：

代詞代替人事物，按照作用分三族。人稱(chēng)代詞我你他，咱們自己和大家。

疑問(wèn)代詞誰(shuí)什么，進(jìn)地性狀數(shù)如何。提示代詞這和那，每名某另別其它。

副詞：

副詞修飾動(dòng)與形，范圍程度與時(shí)間。肯否估計(jì)與情態(tài)，語(yǔ)氣頻率用法全。

稍微沒(méi)有全都偏，簡(jiǎn)直僅僅只永遠(yuǎn)，已經(jīng)曾經(jīng)就竟然，將要立刻剛偶然，

漸漸終于決忽然，難道連續(xù)又再三，也許必須很非常，最太十分更馬上，

越極總挺常常再，屢次一定也不還。時(shí)名副名看加在，名前可加副不來(lái)。

前很后名都不行，單獨(dú)回答更不能。

介詞：

自從以當(dāng)為按照，由于對(duì)于為了到；和跟把比在關(guān)于，除了同對(duì)向往朝；

用在名詞代詞前，修飾動(dòng)形要記牢。

助詞：

結(jié)構(gòu)助詞的地得，時(shí)態(tài)助詞著了過(guò)，語(yǔ)氣助詞啊吧呢，他詞后邊附加義。

連詞：

成分連詞難分辨，換位不變才是連。

漢語(yǔ)句子成分篇三

掌握句子成分,把握句子脈絡(luò),有助于理解句子意思. 見(jiàn)到英語(yǔ)句子應(yīng)當(dāng)首先抓住句子的主要成分,即:主語(yǔ)部分和謂語(yǔ)部分.先搞清句子所要陳述的對(duì)象(誰(shuí) 或什么),干 ( 做) 什么,然后在去找修飾成分或說(shuō)明成分. 句子所要陳述的對(duì)象(誰(shuí)或什么) 是主語(yǔ);干 ( 做) 是 謂語(yǔ);謂語(yǔ)的承受者是賓語(yǔ).修飾主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)的成分是定語(yǔ);修飾謂語(yǔ)、形容詞或副詞的成分是狀語(yǔ);系動(dòng)詞之后的成分是表語(yǔ).例如:

the chinese workers are building a tall building near the school .

定語(yǔ) 主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ) 定語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ) 狀語(yǔ)

these delicious food tastes good .

定語(yǔ) 定語(yǔ) 主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ) 表語(yǔ)

第一節(jié) 主語(yǔ)

主語(yǔ)是句子所要陳述的對(duì)象.它是一句話的“頭”,它回答“誰(shuí) ” “什么”的問(wèn)題.作主語(yǔ)的主要是名詞和代詞 ,其次還有數(shù)詞, 動(dòng)名詞,不定式, 從句等.

例如: 1) you are wanted on the phone . ( 代詞作主語(yǔ))

2) mary is the cleverest of the tree . ( 名詞作主語(yǔ))

3)----what makes you so upset. (疑問(wèn)詞作主語(yǔ))

----- losing the wallet.(動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ))

4) its no use crying over spilt milk . (動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ))

5) to see is to believe . (不定式作主語(yǔ))

6) whether he comes or not doesnt matter.(從句作主語(yǔ))

7) its important for you to finish this task . (不定式作主語(yǔ))

有幾個(gè)值得注意的問(wèn)題:

1)動(dòng)名詞與不定式作主語(yǔ)意義不同, 動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)一般說(shuō)來(lái)指的是一個(gè)概念或一個(gè)既成事實(shí),如 3) 句和4)句.而動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)則表示將要發(fā)生的事, 如 7) 句

2) 在主系表結(jié)構(gòu)中,主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)使用不定式還是使用動(dòng)名詞應(yīng)當(dāng)一致,如 5) 句主語(yǔ)是to see , 表語(yǔ)也是不定式, 此句還可以改成,seeing is believing .主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)都是動(dòng)名詞

3) 動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)經(jīng)常由it來(lái)作形式主語(yǔ), 如7) 句中, it 為形式主語(yǔ),真正的主語(yǔ)是 for you to finish the task .

4) 名詞化的形容詞也能充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)成分, 如: the rich ( 富人) , the poor ( 窮人) , the wounded (傷員), the dying (臨死的人), 例句 : the wounded are now out of danger . (那些傷員已經(jīng)脫離危險(xiǎn))

5)主語(yǔ)一般情況下放在句首,只有在疑問(wèn)句或倒裝句中后移.

練習(xí)題

i. 找出下列句中的主語(yǔ)并說(shuō)出是有什么來(lái)充當(dāng)?shù)?/p>

wrote a letter of thanks to whoever had helped us .

r you dont like him is none of my business .

live on a busy street . it must be very noisy .

4. there are some boys and girls on the playground .

5. to say it is easier than to do it .

6. it is possible to fly to the moon by spaceship .

brother gave me two books . the first was a novel.

8. skating is good exercise .

9. the wounded have already been sent to the hospital .

10. how to do it well is an important question .

1. we ( 代詞) whoever (賓語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ),從屬連詞)

r you dont like him ( 主語(yǔ)從句)

( 代詞) ; it ( 代詞)

4. some boys and girls (名詞)

say is ( 不定式短語(yǔ)) ;to do it (比較狀語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ), 不定式短語(yǔ))

6. it ( 形式主語(yǔ), 真正的主語(yǔ) to fly to the moon by spaceship )

7. my mother ( 名詞) ; the first (數(shù)詞)

g ( 動(dòng)名詞)

wounded ( 形容詞)

10. how to do it well ( 帶疑問(wèn)詞的不定式短語(yǔ))

ii.用正確的詞性填空

1. _____ ( fight ) broke out between the south and the north .

2.______( complete ) the building in two months will be a great achievement .

3. _______ ( succeed ) or ______ ( fail ) depends on the support of the masses.

has ________ ( happen ) proves that our policy is right .

5._____ ( its) happened that i wasnt there that day .

key:1. fighting 2. to complete s , failure 4. happened 5. it

第二節(jié) 謂 語(yǔ)

謂語(yǔ)是句子的軀干,說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞隨著主語(yǔ)的不同而變化,隨著時(shí)間的不同而變化,隨著與主語(yǔ)的不同關(guān)系( 主動(dòng)關(guān)系和被動(dòng)關(guān)系)而變化,總之,時(shí)時(shí)在變.謂語(yǔ)有三種不同的形式: 1) 動(dòng)詞 they planted many trees on the hill .

2) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + 動(dòng)詞 you must stay at home .

3) 系動(dòng)詞+ 表語(yǔ) the report is very interesting .

掌握謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)注意它的幾種變化:

1) 人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化 如: i work in a foreign country .

he works in a foreign country .

2) 時(shí)態(tài)變化 如: i usually get up at six . ( 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))

i am getting up now . (現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí))

i got up at five yesterday .( 一般過(guò)去時(shí))

i will get up at seven tomorrow . ( 一般將來(lái)時(shí))

i have already got up . ( 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))

i was getting up when he came in . ( 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí))

i had got up when he came to my house . (過(guò)去完成時(shí))

i told my mother that i would get up . (過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí))

3) 語(yǔ)態(tài)變化 如: the children carried school bags . ( 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) )

school bags were carried by the children . ( 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))

4) 語(yǔ)氣變化 如: i was very busy ,so i didnt go to see him . ( 真實(shí)語(yǔ)氣)

i would have gone to see him if i had not been very busy . ( 虛擬語(yǔ)氣)

練習(xí)題

i . 指出下列句中謂語(yǔ)并注意變化形式

1. the earth moves round the sun .

2. the factory has already gone into production .

3. we must get rid of bad habits.

r kind of pollution is noise .

5. your sentence doesnt sound right .

6. the leaves have turned yellow.

7. the weather continued fine for several days .

key: already gone get noise 系表結(jié)構(gòu)5. doesnt sound right turned yellow 系表結(jié)構(gòu)完成時(shí)

ued fine 系表結(jié)構(gòu)過(guò)去時(shí)

ii. 填入動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式

miles _______ ( be ) not a great distance .

2. he _______ ( marry ) for three years .

3. so fast _____ light ______ ( travel ) that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed .

4. a lot of trees ______ ( must , plant ) on the hills .

5. what _____ the boy _____ ( do ) in the room ?

6. the woman did ______ ( stay ) at home last sunday .

key:1. is 2. has been married 3. does , travel 4. must be planted , doing 6. stay

第三節(jié) 賓 語(yǔ)

賓語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象,是動(dòng)作的承受者,只有及物動(dòng)詞才會(huì)有賓語(yǔ).賓語(yǔ)一般放在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后.放在動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)叫做動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ),而放在介詞之后的賓語(yǔ)叫做介詞賓語(yǔ).

作主語(yǔ)成分的詞也可做賓語(yǔ)成分,如: 名詞,代詞, 數(shù)詞, 動(dòng)名詞,不定式等.

有一部分動(dòng)詞能跟雙賓語(yǔ) (直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ))人稱(chēng)代詞做間接賓語(yǔ);表示物的名詞做直接賓語(yǔ).能跟雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有: give , pass , choose , teach , buy ,show , send , bring , cook 一般情況是間接賓語(yǔ)在前直接賓語(yǔ)在后, 有時(shí),需要直接賓語(yǔ)提前,這時(shí)需要在間接賓語(yǔ)之前加上“to ” 或“ for ” ;加“to” 加“ for ” 由動(dòng)詞決定,動(dòng)詞有“方向”含義的用“to”, 其余的 用 “ for ”如 : give the book to me 把書(shū)給我

pass the knife to her 把刀遞給她

buy a nice book for me 給我買(mǎi)本書(shū)

同源賓語(yǔ)是指一部分動(dòng)詞后跟上一個(gè)與它意義相同的賓語(yǔ),如: live , die , sleep , smile dream , fight, laugh例句: we are now living a happy life .

復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)是指動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)帶上自己的一個(gè)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) .賓語(yǔ)與補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系.能跟復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有: call , make , let , ask , tell ,see , hear 例句:

we call him tom . 我們管他叫湯姆. ... ( him ) is tom

i saw him go into the classroom . 我看到他進(jìn)了教室. .... him go into the classroom

練習(xí)題

i.指出下列句中賓語(yǔ)并注意它們的形式

made another fence round his cave .

2. he gave up teaching only two years ago .

3. she has learned to play the piano .

4. it is time for supper .

5. did you write down what he said ?

6. hes going to teach us english next term .

you spare me a few minutes ?

smiled her thanks as she turned away .

key:1. fence 名詞 ng 動(dòng)名詞 play the piano 動(dòng)詞不定式4. supper 名詞作介詞賓語(yǔ) he said 名詞性從句 代詞作間接賓語(yǔ) ; english 名詞作直接賓語(yǔ) 7. me 代詞作間接賓語(yǔ) a few minutes 名詞作直接賓語(yǔ) thanks 名詞作賓語(yǔ)

ii. 完成下列各句

1. i remember __________ ( 去過(guò)那里)

remember ________ ( 鎖上門(mén))when you leave the room .

3.i like _________( 唱流行歌曲)

4. i like ______ ( 唱一首英文歌曲) this time .

5. the computer cant helps us ________(解決所有 的問(wèn)題)

6. the girl couldnt help _______ ( 哭) when she heard the news .

key:1. going there before 2. to lock the door 3. singing pop songs 4. to sing an english song 5. (to) solve every problem 6. crying

iii. 把下列句中的直接賓語(yǔ)提前

buy you a new shirt .

2. show me your passport .

bring me your textbook.

4. pour me a cup of tea.

5. he paid the workers the money .

key:1. ill buy a new shirt for you .

2. show you passport to me .

3. do bring your textbook to me .

4. pour a cup of tea for me .

5. he paid the money to the workers .

第四節(jié) 表 語(yǔ)

表語(yǔ)是用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的身份,特征和狀態(tài)的,只有系動(dòng)詞之后才有表語(yǔ). 常見(jiàn)得系動(dòng)詞有: be , become , appear , look , sound , seem , taste ,smell ,feel, get , grow , go , come

作表語(yǔ)的有: 名詞,代詞,形容詞和分詞,數(shù)詞, 副詞,從句,不定式和動(dòng)名詞. 如:

1) my idea is that we water the vegetables first . ( 從句)

2) i must be off now. ( 副詞)

3) their job is collecting stamps. ( 動(dòng)名詞)

4)three times five is fifteen . ( 數(shù)詞)

5) the match became very exciting . ( 現(xiàn)在分詞)

6) the child feels much better today . ( 形容詞)

學(xué)習(xí)掌握表語(yǔ)應(yīng)該注意以下三個(gè)區(qū)別:

1)名詞作表語(yǔ)與形容詞作表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別:

名詞作表語(yǔ)回答“what問(wèn)題”;而形容詞作表語(yǔ)回答“how問(wèn)題”. 例如:

his father is a worker . ( what is his father ?)

his father is tall . (how is his father ? )

2)動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)與現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別:

動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)回答“what問(wèn)題”;而現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)回答“how問(wèn)題” 例如:

my job is collecting stamps . ( what is your job ? )

the book is interesting . ( how is the book ? )

3)現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別:

現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)表示某物(人)是怎么樣的;而現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)則表示某人正在做某事.

例如: the film is moving . ( 這部電影很動(dòng)人.)

the children are moving the big table . (孩子們正挪動(dòng)那長(zhǎng)大桌子.)

練習(xí)題

i .找出下列各句中的表語(yǔ)并注意它們的形式

g is the capital of china .

2. the street used to be very dirty .

3. his wish was to become an engineer .

4 .her job is raising pigs.

5. the situation is encouraging .

6. the door remained locked .

7. we must be off now .

8. that is against the interests of the people .

9. my idea is that we should stick to our plan .

10. the question is how to run the machine .

key:1. the capital (名詞) ( 形容詞) 3. to become an engineer (動(dòng)詞不定式)

g pigs (動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)) 5. encouraging ( 現(xiàn)在分詞) (過(guò)去分詞) 7 .off (副詞）t the interests of the people （介詞短語(yǔ)） we should stick to our plan (從句）10. how to run the machine ( 帶疑問(wèn)詞的不定式）

ii. 用所給詞的正確形式填空

news sounds __________ ( inspire )

are __________ ( interest ) in the story .

3. my work is ______ ( clean ) the classroom tomorrow morning

people in the city are very __________ . ( happiness)

is his book . the one on the desk is _________ ( my ) .

key:1. inspiring 2. interested 3. to clean 4. happy 5. mine

第五節(jié) 定 語(yǔ)

定語(yǔ)是修飾成分,它用來(lái)修飾名詞. 用作定語(yǔ)的有形容詞,代詞，數(shù)詞，名詞,副詞，名詞所有格，分詞，動(dòng)名詞，不定式，介詞短語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)從句。形容詞，代詞，數(shù)詞，名詞所有格，單個(gè)分詞或動(dòng)名詞和名詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)放在被修飾詞之前；副詞，各種短語(yǔ)和從句作定語(yǔ)時(shí)放在被修飾詞之后.

例如：a tall building( tall 為形容詞 ） , some bananas (some 為代詞）, three scientists ( three 為數(shù)詞），bettys father ( bettys 為名詞所有格 ）， a tea cup （tea 為名詞）， the people there ( there 為副詞），teaching plan ( teaching 為動(dòng)名詞），the running horse （ running 為現(xiàn)在分詞），something to say ( to say 為動(dòng)詞不定式）， the books on the desk （ on the desk 為介詞短語(yǔ)）, the people interested in the film ( interested in the film 為分詞短語(yǔ) )， the room where i live (where i live 為定語(yǔ)從句)

掌握定語(yǔ)有兩個(gè)值得注意的問(wèn)題：一、動(dòng)名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞的區(qū)別 ，動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)可以理解為... for v-ing , 如： a swimming pool = a pool for swimming ;而現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)可以理解為：... that is v-ing 如：an interesting story = a story that is interesting 二、復(fù)合形容詞作定語(yǔ)，如： a three-storey-high building ( 一幢三層高的樓房） 復(fù)合形容詞中的名詞為單數(shù)，一定要加連字符。又如：a one-mile-wide river (一條一英里寬的河流)

練習(xí)題

i.找出下列各句中的定語(yǔ)并注意它們的形式

1. our country is a great country .

2. his words moved everyone present .

3. this has to be permitted by the leading comrades .

4. he is a man loved by all .

5. we must work for the interests of the people .

6. do you know the comrade who spoke just now ?

7. the train which has just left is for shanghai .

8. i have something important to tell you .

you want anything else ?

10. i have a meeting to attend .

key: (代詞） great ( 形容詞） 2. present （形容詞） g (動(dòng)名詞）4 . loved by all (過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)） the people ( 介詞短語(yǔ)） spoke just now (從句） has just left (從句）ant （形容詞） (副詞） attend (動(dòng)詞不定式）

ii. 翻譯下列詞組

1. a much discussed topic 6.a three-year-old boy 11.黨員

2. a man -made satelite7.a one-mile-wide river 12.服務(wù)中心

3. a chosen topic 8.一本很難讀懂的書(shū) 13.游泳池

4. running water 9. 沒(méi)有做的工作 14.昨天來(lái)的那個(gè)人

5. a sleeping boy 10.將要舉行的會(huì)議 15.年底

key:1.熱點(diǎn)題目;2.人造衛(wèi)星;3.選題;4.流動(dòng)的水;5.正睡覺(jué)的孩子;6.三歲的孩子;7.一英里寬的河;8.a book difficult to understand ;9. undone work 10.a meeting to be held 11. a party member; 12.a service centre ;13.a swimming pool ; 14.a man who came yesterday ;15. the end of a year

第六節(jié) 狀 語(yǔ)

狀語(yǔ)也是修飾成分，它是用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞，形容詞或副詞的。它說(shuō)明動(dòng)作的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、原因、結(jié)果、條件、程度、伴隨情況 等等。因此，狀語(yǔ)分為：時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，方式狀語(yǔ)、原因狀語(yǔ)、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ) ，條件狀語(yǔ) 、程度狀語(yǔ)、伴隨狀語(yǔ)等。

用作狀語(yǔ)的有 : 副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、分詞或分詞短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞不定式、名詞和從句，例句如下： 1. suddenly it began to rain . 天突然下起雨來(lái)。suddenly 為副詞.

2. according to the plan we must finish the work tomorrow. (按照計(jì)劃我們必須明天完成這項(xiàng)工作。according to the plan 為介詞短語(yǔ) ；tomorrow 為副詞。

3. he sat there smoking . 他坐在那里抽煙。smoking 現(xiàn)在分詞。

4. not knowing what to do , he decided to ask the teacher for advice 。

不知道怎么做，他決定向老師求得建議。not knowing what to do 為分詞短語(yǔ)

5. the other day i went to see a friend of mine in town .前幾天我去看我城里的一位朋友。the other day 為名詞短語(yǔ)，to see a friend of mine in town 為不定式短語(yǔ)。

6. wait a moment . 等一會(huì)。 moment 為名詞

it is fine tomorrow , well go to plant trees .如果明天好，我們?nèi)ブ矘?shù)。if it is tomorrow 為從句。

狀語(yǔ)的位置比較靈活，一般有三個(gè)位置：

一，放在句尾。如：we went to the park yesterday . 我們昨天去了公園。

二 ，放在句首。如：usually i read the newspaper in the morning , but yesterday i read them in the evening .我通常在早上讀報(bào)， 但是昨天我是晚上讀的。

三，放在動(dòng)詞之前，在 to be 或主動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后，這類(lèi)的狀語(yǔ)往往是單個(gè)副詞。如： often , still , never , also , always , already , usually ,even , ever , quite , almost , certainly .

he always helps others . 他總是幫助別人。

i shall never forget that day . 我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記那一天。

在句中同時(shí)有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)和地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)時(shí)， 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)一般放在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)之前。如：

the meeting will be held in the classroom tomorrow afternoon.會(huì)議明天將在教室舉行。

修飾形容詞和副詞的狀語(yǔ)一般放在被修飾詞之前。如：

it is raining very hard . 雨下得非常大。

enough 修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí)，應(yīng)放在形容詞或副詞之后。如：

are you warm enough ? 你夠暖和嗎？

練習(xí)題

i.找出下列各句中的定語(yǔ)并 指出屬于哪類(lèi)狀語(yǔ)

visitors were warmly welcomed by the students .

2. he did his experiment carefully in the lab yesterday .

3. they did everything they could to save the workers life .

4. being blind , how could they see ?

5. greatly inspired by the teachers words , i have made up my mind to work at english even harder .

book is very popular among young people .

7. he entered the dark room , gun in hand .

8. i do it because i like it .

9. we must do as the party tells us .

room is larger than that one .

ering her age , we must say she is doing well .

12. in spite of that,i would like to go there myself .

boy lay down , dead.

and gay , the girl rushed into the room .

key:1. warmly (方式) lly (方式) in the lab (地點(diǎn) ) yesterday (時(shí)間) save the workers life(目的) blind ( 原因) 5. greatly (程度) inspired by the teachers words(原因) young people ( 范圍) in hand (方式) 8. because i like it ( 原因) the party tells us (方式) ering her age ( 條件) spite of that( 讓步)(方式)14. happy and gay (方式)

ii . 用所給詞的正確形式填空

1.“weve won the game !” shouted the students ________. ( excited )

is a ________ good place to visit . ( pretty )

_______ come to see him . ( usual)

we didnt know the way , we stopped _______ the way . ( ask )

5._______ in the country , i used to carry water for an old man . ( live )

6. ________ in a famous college , tom is admired by his former classmates .( educate )

7. he returned home _______ and _____. ( proud , joy )

crowded around , _______ to do something to help . ( eager )

key:1. excitedly 2. pretty 3. usually 4. to ask 5. living ed 7. proud,joyful

第七節(jié) 補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)

補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)是用來(lái)對(duì)賓語(yǔ)進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的成分。補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)分為主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)就成了主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)了。例如：

he asked me to open the book . ( 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))

i was asked to open the book .( 主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))

應(yīng)當(dāng)注意的是：賓語(yǔ)與補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系是邏輯主謂關(guān)系， 這是判斷補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的重要方法。 they made him do the work . ( him 與 do 是主謂關(guān)系 ， him 是do 執(zhí)行者）。

作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的有：形容詞、名詞、 副詞、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞等。

例如： 1. i found the classroom empty . ( 形容詞）我發(fā)現(xiàn)教室空空。

2. we elected him monitor . （ 名詞）我們選他當(dāng)班長(zhǎng)。

3. please call the students back at once . （ 副詞） 請(qǐng)叫學(xué)生們立刻回來(lái)。

4. we told him to come here early . （不定式）我們告訴他早點(diǎn)來(lái)這兒。

5. i found him lying in bed .（ 現(xiàn)在分詞）我發(fā)現(xiàn)他躺在床上。

6. i heard it spoken of in the next room . （過(guò)去分詞我聽(tīng)到這事兒在隔壁講過(guò)。

不定式作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)有時(shí)可省不定式符號(hào)，這種情況取決于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，這樣的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有：make , let , have , hear , see , watch , feel , observe , notice 例如:

he made me work all day . 他迫使我整天干活。

并不是所有的動(dòng)詞都能跟現(xiàn)在分詞作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。能跟現(xiàn)在分詞作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有： have , see, watch , feel , hear , notice , observe , keep , find 例如:

the old woman had the lights burning all night long . 老婦人讓燈點(diǎn)了一整夜。

練習(xí)題

i.指出下列句中補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)并注意變化形式

the meeting we made him monitor .

2. what you said made xiao wang angry .

3. we heard him singing in the hall .

4.i found the classroom empty .

5. please call the students back at once.

6. i cant have you say so .

is asked to sing us a song .

day i had my hair .

key:r ( 名詞) 2. angry ( 形容詞) g in the hall ( 現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)) ( 形容詞)5. back ( 副詞) so (不帶to 的不定式) sing us a song (帶to 的不定式) ( 過(guò)去分詞)

ii.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空

1. robert is said _________ ( study ) abroad, but i dont know what country he studied in .

2. i saw the man _______ ( knock ) down and the driver _____ ( drive) away .

did the teacher have ______ (write ) an article for the wall newspaper.

4. happiness lies in making others ________ ( happiness )

5. how can i stop him _______ ( ask ) such silly questions ?

key: be studying 2. knocked , drive 3. write 4. happy 5. asking

iii. 完成下列各句

1. have you got the supper ___________ ?

paint the door _______ .

3. we must keep the room ________ .

4.i found it difficult to __________ .

5. i think it duty to __________ .

this has made it possible for us __________ .

key:1. ready 2. black 3. clean study maths 5. serve the people 6. to finish the work on time

綜合練習(xí)題

i.指出下列句子劃線部分的句子成分

1. a foreign language is a weapon in the struggle of life.

2. whether well go depends on the weather.

3. peoples standards of living are going up steadily .

4. he is called little tiger .

5. the masses are the real heroes .

6. that was how they were defeated .

7. the nursery takes good care of our children .

8. ill return the book to you tomorrow .

9. we always mean what we say .

10. we are sure that we shall succeed .

11. the woman with a baby in her arms is his mother .

12 . there are many films that id like to see .

13. have you met the person about whom he was speaking ?

14. i have a lot of work to do .

15. speak politely.

16. anyway i wont stop you from doing it .

17. i said it in fun .

18. we can send a car over to fetch you .

19. she had to work standing up .

20 seeing this , some comrades became very worried .

21. much interested , he agreed to give it a try .

22 . the bus arrived ten minutes late .

23. we should serve the people hear and soul .

24. spring coming on , the trees turned green .

25. we left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock the door .

key:1.主語(yǔ)2.主語(yǔ)3.謂語(yǔ)4.謂語(yǔ)5.表語(yǔ)6.表語(yǔ)7.介詞賓語(yǔ)8.狀語(yǔ)9.賓語(yǔ)10.形容詞賓語(yǔ)11.定語(yǔ)12.定語(yǔ)13.定語(yǔ)14.定語(yǔ)15.狀語(yǔ)16.狀語(yǔ)17.狀語(yǔ)18狀語(yǔ)19.狀語(yǔ)20.狀語(yǔ)21.狀語(yǔ)22.狀語(yǔ)23.狀語(yǔ)24.狀語(yǔ)25.狀語(yǔ)

ii. 根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示完成下列句子

1.我們的英語(yǔ)老師是使人愉快的人.

our english teacher is a _____________ .

2.他晚上幾乎不工作.

he ________ works in the evening .

3.我說(shuō)服他戒了煙.

i persuaded him not to ___________ .

4.你接受他的禮物了嗎?

did you ______________ his present ?

5.他們?nèi)タ茨莻€(gè)要死的人.

they went to see the _______ man .

6.我們船上沒(méi)有這么多的空位子.

we have no_______ for so many people on the boat.

7.字典就在架子上.

the dictionary is _______ on the shelf .

key:1. pleasant person 2. hardly 3. smoke 4. accept 5. dying 6. room 7. right

iii.指出句子的主句部分

1. it doesnt matter so much whether you will come or not .

2.i dont believe they will win the game .

fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody .

4. i watched all the glasses that were on the table fall off onto the floor .

5. tom studies hard and is ready to help others , which his parents expect .

6. it also shows you the callers telephone number in order that you recognize who it is .

7. whatever dictionary you have , please lend it to me .

frightened us most was that two lights appeared suddenly in the darkness .

the toy that you bought in shanghai for your little brother ?

10. it is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants .

key:1. it doesnt matter so much .... 2.i dont believe ... fact...surprised everybody

4.i watched all the glasses...fall off onto the floor studies hard and is ready to help others .... also shows you the callers telephone number...7....please lend it to me 8 what....was that ... the toy...for your little brother is generally considered unwise to give a child...