每個人都曾試圖在平淡的學習、工作和生活中寫一篇文章。寫作是培養人的觀察、聯想、想象、思維和記憶的重要手段。大家想知道怎么樣才能寫一篇比較優質的范文嗎？下面我給大家整理了一些優秀范文，希望能夠幫助到大家，我們一起來看一看吧。

北京天壇導游詞講解篇一

welcome to the temple of heaven. (after self-introduction) preserved cultural heritages of china. there are basically two kinds of visitors who come here: local pensioners who do exercises here in the morning and evening and sightseers both from home and abroad. all in all ，there are 12 million visitors very year. now we are going to go along the route that leads to the alter. it will take roughly one hour. mind you ，the emperor also walked along this route to pay tribute to the god of heaven.

the largest group of architectures ever to be dedicated to heaven ，the temple of heaven served as an exclusive altar for chinese monarchs during the ming and qing dynasties. it was decreed that rulers of successive dynasties would place altars in their own capitals to worship heaven and pray for good harvest. but why ?

the ancient chinese believed that heaven was the supreme ruler of the universe and the fate of mankind，and thus worshiping rites dedicated to heaven came into being.

the heaven the ancient chinese referred to was actually the universe， or nature. in those days， there were specfic rites of worship. this was especially true during the ming and qing dynasties when elaborate ceremonies were held.

the temple of heaven was built in 1420 during the reign of emperor youngle of the ming dynasty. situated in the southern part of the city ，this grand set of structures covers an area of 273 hectares. to better symbolize heaven and earth ，the northern part of the temple is circular while the southern part is square .the whole compound is enclosed by two walls， a square wall outside a round one. the outer area is characterized by suburban scenery， while the inner part is used for sacrifices. the inner enclosure consists of the hall of prayer for good harvest and the circular mound altar.

the circular mound altar is enclosed by two walls ，each containing four groups of southern lattice star gate， each in turn consisting of three doors， with 24 marble doors altogether. standing on the passage facing north， you will notice that with each pair of doors on is narrower than the other. this reflects the feudal hierarchy: the wider door was reserved for monarchs， while the narrower one was used by courtiers.

on the day of the ceremony ，the emperor would don his ritual costume and be ushered in by the official in charge of religious affairs. he ascended the three terraces in the forefront to pay tribute at the alter.

we are now on the top terrace of the altar， or the third terrace .each terrace has a flight of 9 steps. at the center of this terrace lies a round stone surrounded by 9 steps. at the center of this terrace lies a round stone surrounded by 9 concentric rings of stone. the number of stones in the first ring is 9， in the second ，18， up to 81 in the 9th ring. even the number of carved balustrades on these terraces is a multiplee of 9. but why?

according to ancient chinese philosophy， yin and yang were two opposing factors. heaven and the odd numbers belonged to yang while the earth and even numbers belonged to yin. nine was the largest heavenly number accessible to man . what is more， the ancient people also believed that heaven consisted of nine layers and that the emperor` s abode was on the uppermost tier.

once more look at the round stone in the center. the upper terrace is nine zhang (a chinese unit of length， one zhang equals 3.3 meters ) in circumference ，while the middle is 15 zhang， the lower，21 zhang. classified as yang numbers， the sum of these numerals is 45 zhang which was meant to symbolized success. what is more， by applying the concept of odd numbers and strengthening nine and its multiples， the concept of heaven was thus illustrated and realized . the concept of nine will also be mentioned when we visit some other buildings.

now i will give you a brief account of what happened here annually on the inter solstice. the memorial tablet dedicated to heaven would be set up on the north side of the terrace， while tablets dedicated to the emperor `s ancestors would be enshrined on the flanks. the service would begin around 4 o` clock in the morning. all of the lanterns would be lit .in the foreground， a sacrificial calf is being barbecued. on the square in front of the altar， the emperor， under heavy escort of nearly a thousand courtiers， princes of royal blood ，musicians， dancers and uniformed soldiers， would slowly ascend the altar to offer sacrifice and pray in honor of heaven. when the service drew to a close ，the sacrifice offered in front of the memorial tablets would be incinerated .all of participants would watch the thick smoke rise upward as if they were seeing god off .music and dancing would follow .in the end ，the emperor would return to the forbidden city secure in the belief that he would be blessed and protected by heaven until the next winter solstice.

it is interesting to note that ，the stone in the very middle of the altar was of major importance ，since it was where the emperor used to stand to say his prayer. the stone ，which is known as the god`s heart stone， is peculiar in that it is characterized by a specific acoustic phenomenon: it made the emperor` s voice clearer and louder， thus adding to the mystic atmosphere of the service .you can try this out by yourself. (proceed northward to pass through the lattice stargate)

this structure is known as heaven` s storehouse. it is entered through the gate of glazed tiles. the roofing，beams， and brackets are all made of glazed tiles or bricks. this is the only structure of its kind in china today .

the heaven` s storehouse was where memorial tablets dedicated to the gods were kept. douglas hurd， a former british foreigh secretary ，once said ， “god attends to his affairs on the cir4cular mound altar but stays here. ” now let` s go in to to see it (go through the left side door)

(in the courtyard of heaven` s storehouse)this is the imperial vault of heaven， the main structure of heaven` s storehouse. it was built in 1530 and is 17 meters in height and 19 meters in diameter. the structure feature blue roofs topped by a gilded ball ，and carved wooden doors and windows. it is decorated with colored paintings. founded on a 3-meter-hign round marble terrace ，the building also features a gigantic carved marble ramp laid in the stone staircase leading up to the front entrance.. the ramp is carved in “two dragons playing with a pearl ” design in relief. we will enter the main hall by going up the stone staircase on the eastern side.

the arch of the hall is buttressed by 16 giant pillars on two rings. on top of the pillars there are gilt brackets supporting a circular caisson ，or covered ceiling .the ceiling is characterized by a golden coiling dragon design. the 8 pillar of the inner ring are painted scarlet and decorated with golden lotuses.

to the north of the hall there is a marble pedestal. atop it ，up a wooden flight of 9 steps， is where the major tablet dedicate to heaven was enshrined. on each flank four tablets are enshrined in honor of the ancestors of the qing emperors. in the annex hall in hornor of the ancestors of the qing emperors. in the annex halls in the courtyard， there are tablets dedicated to the deities of the sun， moon ，constellation， cloud ，rain， wind and thunder.

aside from exquisitely laid out architectures， heaven` s storehouse is also famous for two structures with peculiar acoustic features， i. e. the echo wall and the triple- sound stone. a mere whisper at any point close to the wall can be heard clearly on the other side， although the parties may be 40 or 50 meters apart. this is possible because the wall is round and hermetically constructed with smooth ，solid bricks.

in front of the steps leading away from the halls is the triple sound stone. if you stand on the first stone and call out or clap your hands， the sound will echo once; on the second stone， the sound will be heard twice; and on the third stone， the sound will repeat three times. hence the name. (go out through the right door and stroll along the circular path nor thward)

the temple of heaven is also famous for its cypress trees-there are more than 60，000 cypress trees in all，among which over 4，000 are more than one hundred years old ，adding to the solemn atmosphere of the temple .this tall cypress was planted more than 500 years ago. its thick branches and twisting trunk resembling nine coiling playful dragons; thus it is known as the nine-dragon cypress. it is said that this tree was here to welcome the monarchs. now it is here to welcome visitor from all over the world.

now we are back again on the central axis. this brick-arched gate is known as chengzhen (adopting fidelity) .this gate is the northern gate of the circular mound altar and the hall of prayer for good harvest. the hall of prayer for good harvest is situated at the extreme end of the axis. it was used by the emperor in the first month of every lunar year for services dedicated to good harvest.

entering the hall of prayer for good harvest， we set foot on a raised passage 360 meters long， which the emperor also took to proceed to the hall. this broad north-south walkway， called danbiqiao (red stairway bridge)， connects the two sets of main building in the temple of heaven and constitutes a single axis.

the passage is spanided into left， control and right paths by the cross arrangement of slabs. the central and the widest path is known as heavenly thoroughfare ， which was reserved exclusively for god; nobody， including the emperor， was allowed to set foot onto it . the emperor used the path on the east，which is known as the imperial walk. the ministers and princes used the one on the west .interesting enough ，there is no walkway left for ordinary people. this is because the temple of heaven used to be off-limits to them.

contrary to appearances， this walkway is not a bridge at all . but how so ? this road is 4 meters above the ground and there is a cavern underneath that was reserved for sacrificial oxen and sheep. the cattle were slaughtered at a slaughterhouse about 500 meters away and brought here for sacrifice. all in all ，it can be said this walkway did serve as bridge and can be looked upon as the first cloverleaf in beijing.

looking back at the thoroughfare， you may realize that this walk is gaining height toward its northern end. as people approach the architectural group of the hall of prayer for good harvest， the flanking groves of cypress recede and perspective widens. here you are in heaven.

the marble terrace up ahead is called jufutai， or costumechanging terrace. it is located to the east of the red stairway bridge and covers a space of 25 square meters .it has marble slab balustrades. the day before the service ，officials in charge would put up a yellow satin tent on the terrace for the emperor to change out of his yellow dragon robe into blue ceremonial clothes. after the service，the emperor would return to the tentand change back into his imperial robe before returning to the palace. (proceed to the south gate of the hall of prayer for good harvest)

this structure is called the gate of pray for good harvest. we can catch a slight glimpse of the central building ，the hall of prayer for good harvest， though the colonnade of the gate. a gigantic and lofty group of buildings， the complex includes the gate of prayer for good harvest， the hall of prayer for good harvest， eastern and western annex halls ，the huanqian (imperial heaven) long corridor， heaven kitchen， slaughterhouse， etc.

the annex halls were symmetrically built on a 1.5-meter-hignbrick-and-marble terrace ，to set off the loftiness and magnificence of the main hall .this unique building ，38 meters in height， is characterized by a cone-shaped structure with triple eaves and a top that is crowned by a gilt ball. the roofing is made of blue glazed tiles， the color of the sky .underneath the roof， the beams and bracket are decorated with colored paintings. the base of the structure is a triple-tiered， circular marble terrace. at a distance， the terrace looks like a gigantic， spiraling cloud with the structure perched on top of it .

today the hall of prayer for good harvest is the hallmark of beijing， which enjoys a prolonged history of civilization.

the base of the hall is a triple-tiered， circular marble terrace， which is 90 meters in diameter and 6 meters in height ，covering a space of 4，000 square meters. meticulous accuracy was given to the layout of the structure. in the middle of each three-tiered flight of stairs， there is a giant marble ramp carved in cloud， dragon and phoenix designs. to set off the ramps， the top of the balustrades and downpipes are designed with corresponding floral scrolls. in southern part of each tier， a gigantic bronze incense burner is placed. sandalwood was burnt in them when rites were observed.

(in front of the hall of prayer for good harvest) climbing up this marble terrace， we see the main hall，a masterpiece of ancient china. looking up you will see the caisson， or covered ceiling， characterized by complex designs of dragons and phoenixes. in and out ， the hall is decorated with colored drawing of dragons and phoenixes.

without the use of steel ，cement and nail， and even without the use of big beams and crossbeams，the entire structure is supported by 28 massive wooden pillars and number of bars， laths， joints and rafters. the four central pillars， called the dragon-well pillars， are 19.2 meters high and painted with designs of composite followers， representing the four season. there are two rings of 12 scarlet pillars each. the inner ring represents the 12 months and the outer rings the 12 spanisions of the day and night .between the two rings there are 24 partitioned spaces to mark the solar terms of the chinese lunar year. the pillars， 28 in number， also represent the 28 constellations in the universe- the ancient chinese believed that there were 28 constellations that made up the sky.

the center of the stone-paved floor is a round marble slab， which is 88.5 centimeters in diameter. interestingly， the slab features natural black and white veins， corresponding to the dragon-phoenix design on the ceiling. this particular slab is known as the dragon-phoenix stone and is regarded as a treasure inseparable from the hall.

the furnishings within the hall are placed in their original positions dating back to when emperor xianfeng ruled .in the forefront and above the throne are enshrined tablets in commemoration of heaven. on either table on each side tablets of the emperor` s ancestors were placed. each tablet is fronted by an altar. a total of 24 kinds of offering were made on it ，including soup， wine， assorted cereals， and a calf.

the sacrificial rites were observed in the wee hours of the morning， sometime in the first month of the chinese lunar year. because it was still dark， candles， lanterns and torches were lit. this lighting coupled with the incense being burnt inside the hall ，helped make the ceremony both grand and mystical.

by the time the service began，207 musicians and dancers would be performing on platforms outside the hall. the emperor， in his blue sacrificial robe and with an air of piety and sincerity， would walk slowly into the hall， kowtow， and offer wine and prayer in hornor of the deities and his ancestors. all of the offerings would then be taken to incinerators on the eastern side of the gate of prayer for good harvest. with this we conclude our visit to the temper of heaven. the feudal monarchs and their sacrificial rites have long vanished in history .however， this group of magnificent and lofty structures remain as a fine testament of the ancient chinese` s ingenuity and as one of the cultural heritages of mankind.

from the eastern gate of the hall of prayer for good harvest， we have now enter a 300-meter-long corridor. consisting of 72 sections， this corridor served as a connecting building between the slaughterhouse. heaven kitchen， and the main hall ，it is said that this once served as a sacrificial food production line. flanking the corridor are shopping stalls. you may find some souvenirs for your family and friend there.

well ，that is all for this tour. thank you for your attention. i look forward to your next visit. good luck and bon voyage.

北京天壇導游詞講解篇二

各位游客，你們好!今天我們要參觀的是以前皇帝祭天的地方——天壇。

天壇是明朝永樂皇帝建成的祭天圣壇，主建筑是大祀殿，也就是今天的祈年殿。天壇有外壇墻和內壇墻，北圓南方，寓意天圓地方。乾隆年間，將大祀殿改為現在的祈年殿，將屋頂瓦片改成藍色的琉璃瓦，形成了今天我們看到的這個世界上最大的祭天建筑群。

這一祭天圣地，在1860年遭到了英法聯軍的洗劫，1900年又遭到八國聯軍的蹂躪。新中國成立以后，這里成了著名的旅游景點，來這里的除了旅游者，還有很多健身的人們。

現在就讓我們沿著當年皇帝登壇的路線開始游覽。

現在我們是沿著天壇建筑的中軸線在向南行進，將要看到的就是古代皇帝祭天的圜丘壇。圜丘有兩道圍護墻，外方內圓，符合天圓地方的說法。每道墻都有四組門，大家可以注意到，門的大小都不一樣，這是因為中門是上帝專用的，所以高大;皇帝只能從左側的門進入;而其他的官員只能從右邊最小的門通過。

來到圜丘壇下，我們馬上要開始登壇了，不過要請您留心數一數，每層壇面都有多少臺階。到了最高層，大家會發現，壇上所有的臺階數，都是九或者九的倍數。這些難道都是巧合么?當然不是，因為古人認為九是極陽數，所以工匠們便用這個數字來賦予圜丘壇“崇高”之意。

說完了神壇的奇妙，我再給您介紹一下祭天大典的盛況。

到了每年的冬至，皇帝就要在這里祭天。在這個典禮上，需要特別提到的是皇帝恭讀祝文所站立的地方，就是這塊天心石。它是天壇三大聲學現象之一。在這里朗讀的時候聲音特別洪亮，各位游客不妨體驗一下，也像當年的皇帝一樣，向上天訴說自己美好的愿望。

現在咱們繼續沿著中軸線行走，面前的建筑叫做天庫，它的正殿就是皇穹宇。皇穹宇三個字也分別代表了“至高無上”“天”“宇宙”的意思，更加顯示出它的神圣和至尊。這組建筑不僅十分精美，而且還有回音壁和三音石，這和剛才我們說的“天心石”合稱天壇三大聲學現象。

北京天壇導游詞講解篇三

現在咱們繼續沿著中軸線行走，面前的建筑叫做天庫，而它的正殿就是皇穹宇。皇穹宇建于明嘉靖九年，起初叫做泰神殿，到了十七年，改名為現在的皇穹宇，它的作用就是在平日存放圜丘壇祭祀主神的地方，所以這里也叫圜丘壇寢宮。殿內正面的圓形石臺上安放的就是皇天上帝的神牌，而前邊兩側的四個方形石臺上安放的則是八位祖先神主，還有東西配殿用來存放從祀神位。而皇穹宇三個字也分別代表了至高無上，天，宇宙的意思，更加顯示出它的神圣和至尊。

它是一座建筑藝術價值非常高的殿宇，總體呈圓形，下邊是高2.85米的圓形須彌座，為青白石筑成，有東南西三個方向的出陛，也就是臺階，而在南向出陛還有二龍戲珠的丹陛石。上邊是藍色筒瓦單檐攢尖鎏金寶頂。而在殿內還有八根檐柱和八根金柱，大殿上架沒有橫梁承托，全都是靠各類斗拱層層上疊來支撐，步步收縮，從而形成了精美的穹隆圓頂。這里邊還運用了物理學中的杠桿原理。這組建筑不僅十分精美，而且還有回音壁和三音石，這和剛才我們說的天心石合稱天壇三大聲學現象。回音壁就是皇穹宇的外墻，圍墻建造的磨磚對縫，十分的平滑，是很好的聲音載體，可以傳聲，在傳遞途中對聲音損失極小，只要對著墻說話，就算相隔四五十米，見不到面，都可以清晰的聽到對方說話。而三音石則是皇穹宇大殿正前方的三塊石頭，您站在第一塊石頭上拍手可以聽到一次回音，第二塊石頭可以聽到兩次，而第三塊就可以聽到三次回音，所以稱為三音石。在后來也有人把它叫做三才石，取天地人三才的意思。

也許您剛才就已經注意到了，天壇有非常多的柏樹，不錯，它就好像北京一個天然的氧吧。而在這許多古柏當中，有一株500余歲的檜柏，就是回音壁西墻外的這棵九龍柏。它的樹干紋理非常的奇特，布滿了溝壑，而且旋轉扭曲，好像9條蟠龍纏繞嬉戲，所以叫它九龍柏真是一點也不過分。

在游覽過了圜丘壇和皇穹宇之后，我們就即將走進祈谷壇了，而現在我們腳下連接兩個祭壇的就是丹陛橋，也叫做海墁大道，而它也是皇帝登上祈谷壇的唯一通道，長360米，橋面上分為三條道，中間的是神道，東邊是御道，西邊的就是王道。而它作為通道為什么又要稱為橋呢?這有兩種說法，一種是說路面南低北高，步步高升，好像與天相連接的橋;而另一種就是說路面下邊建有進牲門，類似立交橋，所以稱之為橋。說到進牲門，就是在祭祀前，牛羊都要通過橋下的一個券門被趕到500米外的宰牲亭宰殺，制成供品，所以這個通道也被叫做鬼門關，因為一進去就有死無生了。

好，回到正題，現在呈現在您面前的就是祈谷壇的完整建筑群。前面的這個石臺是具服臺，在每年孟春祈谷祭祀之前，皇帝照例還是要來到這里搭建幄次，盥洗更衣，所以這里還有小金殿之稱。

到此，祈谷壇的主體建筑祈年殿就出現在我們面前了。祈年殿下的基座是三層的圓形石臺，而在正面三層石臺階中，分別裝飾著巨大的浮雕，叫做殿前丹陛石雕。從下之上內容分別是：瑞云山海，雙鳳山海，雙龍山海。各層排水孔的圖案和浮雕的內容也是對應的。東西兩旁的配殿個有九間，原來是安放從祀牌位的地方，不過在家靖年間，把它們挪到了先農壇，所以現在這里也就沒有什么實際用途了。而祈年殿本身就是一座極具中國特色的獨特建筑。圓形三重檐攢尖屋頂向上層層收縮，都是用藍色的琉璃瓦覆蓋，以此來象征天。頂部是鎏金寶頂，抬頭仰視，便是龍鳳藻井，中心是龍鳳成祥的圖案。而巨大的三層殿頂就是靠殿內的28根落地柱支撐的，中間的四柱名叫龍井柱，東南西北方向分別代表了春夏秋冬;而龍井柱外圍的12個紅漆金柱所分割出來的12個開間，則分別代表了一年的12個月份;外面兩環的24個開間有分別代表了一年的24個節氣;同時，這28根大柱，也代表了天上的28個星宿。據說這祈年殿是仿照古代明堂設計建造的。在感嘆殿內建筑的同時，也讓我們把注意力逐漸轉移到殿內的陳設上來。這里的陳設是按照清朝咸豐年間原狀恢復的，正面的雕龍寶座上供奉著的是滿漢合璧的皇天上帝神版，左右兩側的石臺上供奉的是清朝前八位皇帝的牌位。

和每年的祭天一樣，這里是用來祈谷的地方。在祭祀的當天，有樂隊在殿外月臺上奏樂，身穿祭服的皇帝虔誠步入神殿，向牌位行大禮，祈禱上蒼，然后把供品送到祈年門外東邊的燔柴爐和燎爐焚燒，送上天宮。祈谷禮節和祭天的差不多。

到這里，祈年殿也差不多講完了，而它還有一個附屬建筑，作用和皇穹宇差不多，也是存放祈谷壇祭祀神主的地方，就是祈年殿北側的皇乾殿。

現在我們從祈谷壇的東門出來，可以看到一條連檐通脊的長廊，共有七十二間，俗稱七十二連房，它不僅用來連接神廚神庫，而且也是祭祀時運送祭品的通道，在長廊的東頭，就是宰牲亭，就是前面所說過了鬼門關的牲畜要道這里來屠宰。而在長廊的東南方向，有八塊巨大的青石，稱為七星石，都是風水鎮石。可是這里命名有八塊石頭為什么叫七星呢?原來明代在這里放的的確是七塊石頭，而最小的那一塊則是清代增添上的。關于七星石的說法每個朝代都不同。在明代，有個道士和皇帝說祈年殿的方位不好，不利于國家，所以就在這里放了象征著北斗七星的七塊石頭。而在清代，康熙皇帝為了給滿族愛新覺羅氏尋找從東北如主中原的理論依據，就派人考察山脈，發現泰山是長白山的余脈，所以就在原來七塊石頭的東北方有放了一小塊兒青石，象征東北長白山，如果按這種說法，那八塊石頭就應該叫做七峰東岳。 暫且不管他們怎么定論了。今天的觀光游覽就要結束了，在天壇的這段時光希望能成為您北京之游中的永恒記憶。同時也請您把天壇的祝福帶給您的家人朋友。

北京天壇導游詞講解篇四

各位團友大家好，今天我們要參觀的是世界上現存規模最大、保存最完整的古代祭天建筑群——天壇。

天壇位于北京東南側，也是我國和世界上現存規模最大的古代祭祀性建筑群。始建于明永樂四年，至明永樂十八年完工。占地面積273公頃。相當于故宮的三倍還多。是明清兩代皇帝祭天祈谷的場所，每年“三孟”舉行祭祝，即孟春祈谷，孟夏祈雨，孟冬祀天。初建時這里也是祭祀地神的地方，稱天地壇。直到明嘉靖九年在北部另建地壇。那時天地開始分別祭祀，同時還另建兩壇。才形成了現今的南天壇、北地壇、東日壇、西月壇這“京郊四壇”。

天壇是圜丘、祈谷兩壇的總稱。建筑布局呈“回”字形，有壇墻兩重，形成內外壇，壇墻南方北圓，象征天圓地方，故又稱天地墻。主要建筑有祈年殿、圜丘壇、皇穹宇、齋宮、外壇神樂署和犧牲所。除了齋宮在西部以外，其他主要三組均在一條中軸線上。在北京古代建筑中是唯一一個中軸不對稱的建筑。

可是這樣一個祭天圣地，卻也曾經在1860年時遭到英法聯軍的洗劫，繼而在1900年的時候又遭到了八國聯軍的蹂躪。在1916年袁世凱登基的時候也曾經在天壇上演了一出祭天的鬧劇。在1918年，天壇最終還是以公園開放。解放以后天壇不僅成了著名的旅游景點，而且還是北京城市綠地的組成部分，來這里的不光是旅游者，還不乏一些專門為了強身健體的老人們。

現在就讓我們沿著當年皇帝登壇的路線開始此次游覽。

我們先介紹一下齋宮。齋宮位于天壇西門內，里面有著名的無梁殿。面積約4萬平方米，有小紫禁城之稱，是皇帝祭祀前齋戒的地方。皇帝在祭天前要在此齋戒三天。三天里“不吃葷、不飲酒、不娛樂、多沐浴、不理刑名、不近女色。”所謂至齋。在齋宮殿前的露臺上左右還各有一個石亭。右面的為時辰亭，左面的為齋戒銅人亭。銅人高0.5米身著文官服飾，相傳是唐代的魏征。手持齋戒銅牌，上刻“齋戒”二字，用來警示皇上。

下面我們來看圜丘壇。圜丘壇通高5.7米，分三層。每層的四個方向各有九級艾葉青石鋪就的臺階。四面圍有漢白玉護欄。壇外面有兩道圍墻，圍墻從東向面依次有泰元、昭亨、廣利、成貞四座欞星門。現在我們開始登壇，請大家注意一下壇面。壇面上所用的石料的數字都與九相關，上層直徑9丈，中層直徑15丈，下層直徑21丈。三層共45丈，既是9 的倍數又含有“__之尊”的意思。最上一層壇面中間的那塊圓形的大理石叫做天心石。又叫“億兆影從石”。人站在上面說話會感到強烈的共鳴。圍繞天心石這一層共砌著9圈巨大的扇形石，第一圈9塊，第二圈18塊。以此類推，到了最外邊的第九圈正好是81塊;第二層，第層也一樣。直至最外第27圈。同樣大家抬頭就可以看到的護板被四面臺階分為四個部分，每個部分也都有9塊，中層的護板是18塊，下層的是27塊，這些都是根據陰陽五行來做的。9是極陽數，所以古代的工匠便用這個數字來強調天的崇高，神圣。祭天時的步驟可分為：燔柴迎帝神、蒼壁禮天、進俎、初獻禮、亞獻禮、終獻禮、撤饌、送帝神、望燎。

大家再看圜丘壇的西南方。有三座高大的石臺，叫做望燈臺。臺上的長桿是望燈桿。桿高九丈,通體紅色。祭天時，望燈桿上各懸掛一只直徑六尺高八尺的燈籠。燈籠內點蟠龍通宵寶蠟，可持續燃燒六個時辰。不滅、不流油、不用剪蠟花。

現在咱們繼續沿著中軸線行走，前面的建筑就是天庫——皇穹宇。皇穹宇建于明嘉靖九年，起初叫做泰神殿，嘉靖十七年，改名為現在的皇穹宇，這里是專門存放神牌的地方。既有皇天上帝的神牌，也有風雷雨電的神牌。這組建筑不僅造型精美，而且還有和天心石合稱天壇三大聲學現象的回音壁、三音石。

回音壁就是皇穹宇的外墻，圍墻建造的磨磚對縫，是很好的傳聲體，只要正確的對著墻說話，就算相隔四五十米，見不到面，都可以清晰的聽到對方說話。而三音石則是皇穹宇大殿正前方的三塊石頭，您站在第一塊石頭上拍手可以聽到一次回音，第二塊石頭可以聽到兩次，而第三塊就可以聽到三次回音，所以叫三音石。后來取天地人三才之意又叫“三才石”。

大家應該早就注意到了吧!天壇有非常多的柏樹。而在這許多古柏當中，有一株500余歲的檜柏，就是回音壁西墻外的那棵九龍柏。因為它的樹干表面布滿了旋轉扭曲的溝紋，猶如九龍飛騰，所以叫它九龍柏。

回音壁北側，有一條寬廣的大道，也就是叫做海墁大道的丹陛橋。因路面下邊建有涵洞成立體交叉，類似立交橋，所以稱之為橋。穿過丹陛橋后，我們看到的就是祈谷壇建筑群了。祈谷壇是三層漢白玉圓壇，占地面積近六千平方米。祈年殿就建上面。

祈年殿是天壇的象征。也曾經是中國的象征性建筑物，原名大祀殿。有祈禱豐收之年的意思。在建筑上，它是圓形重檐攢尖頂，頂部覆蓋藍色竹節瓦。逐層收縮，高達九丈，由28根紅柱子支撐。是我國唯一留下來的仿明堂式建筑。過去，琉璃瓦分三種顏色，也三種不同的意思。即：上青，代表上天、中黃，代表皇帝、下綠，代表黎民百姓。后為了表示對上天的尊敬，全部改換成藍色琉璃瓦。

而殿頂和支撐殿頂的28根柱子，也有不同的代表意義。殿頂周長30丈，代表一月30天。四根龍井柱，象征一年有四個季節。中層12根象征一年有12個月。外層12根象征一日有12時辰。中層與外層24根象征24節氣。三層共28根象征天上的28星宿。如果再加上殿頂頂部的8根童柱共計36根。則象征天上的36天罡。在寶頂上還有一根叫雷公柱的鎦金短銅柱，象征皇帝一統天下。 除此之外，殿頂內部還有一“龍鳳藻井”，地面有一塊“龍鳳呈祥石”。二者相映成趣。

和祭天一樣，每年這里都要舉行用來祈谷的禮儀。每次祭祀前都要將大殿修飾一新。

現在我們從祈谷壇的東門出來，可以看到一條長廊，共七十二間，俗稱七十二連房，它連接神廚神庫，是祭祀時運送祭品的通道。在長廊的東南方向，有八塊巨大的青石，稱為七星石。這是風水鎮石。關于七星石的說法有二。一說明代有個道士和皇帝說祈年殿的東南方空曠，于國家不利。所以就在這里放了象征著北斗七星的七塊石頭。二說，七星石代表東岳七峰。至于東北的小青石，是因為康熙皇帝為了給滿族入主中原尋找理論依據，而派人考察泰山的發脈地絡，認定泰山發脈于東北的長白山后增加的。

今天的觀光游覽就要結束了，在天壇的這段時光希望能成為您北京之游中的永恒記憶。

北京天壇導游詞講解篇五

各位游客：

大家好，我是你們的導游，曹宇翔。

下面我要給大家講講天壇的傳說，現在大家抬頭看一下這就是美麗的天壇，從遠出看是個八角形寶塔。

天壇是王屋的主峰，高峰聳寺深古縱橫，一峰突起，萬峰臣伏，唯我獨尊，從南向北看中間高，兩邊低，好似屋頂像王者之屋，稱王屋山。天壇原名叫瓊林臺，因皇帝在山頂設壇祭天，后人為了紀念，該為天壇。為了紀念皇帝老師華蓋對皇帝指點，把天壇峰前的山叫華蓋峰。

我們走過天壇，又來到了望景寺，這里可以這人觀賞天壇的風景。

天壇是世界文化遺產，國家5a級旅游景區，全國重點文明保護單位。于北京正陽門，東南方自，為明清兩朝皇帝祭天，求雨和祈，壽年專用祭壇，是世界上現在規模最大，最完美的古代祭天建筑群。總面積273平方米。1920xx年作為公園正式對外開放。

壇為三層圓形石臺，壇區占地20萬余平方米。因此;明清時期北京的天壇與歷朝代郊壇有一脈相承的淵源。

天地壇遂改稱為天壇。消沿明制，天壇一稱沿用至今。從乾隆八年1743年起，對天壇建筑進行了多次修理，天壇終于形成了南北兩壇，規制嚴謹的盛郎風貌。

天壇到處有美麗的風景，說也說不盡，希望你有機會細細游賞。